Hindi - Verb List

Hindi -Verb list

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A

to advance	-	age barhna
to answer	-	jawab dena
to arrive	-	ana, pahunchana
to attack	-	hamla karna
to attempt	-	koshish karna

B

to bathe	-	nahana
to be	-	hona
to bear	-	sahna
to beat	-	marna
to beg	-	mangna
to behave	-	bartav karna
to believe	-	vishwas karna
to be sleepy	-	nind ana
to be tired	-	thakna
to bind	-	bandhna
to bite	-	katna
to break	-	torna
to breakfast	-	nasta karna
to bring	-	lana
to bring up	-	palna
to burn	-	jalna, jalana
to burst	-	phutana
to bury	-	dafnana

C

to call	-	bulana
to care	-	parwah karna
to cast	-	dhalna
to catch	-	pakarna
to change	-	badalna
to clean	-	saf karna
to climb	-	charhna
to comb	-	kanghi karna
to come	-	ana
to converse	-	bat karna
to cook	-	pakana
to copy	-	nakal karna
to cover	-	dhakna
to creep	-	rengna
to cry	-	chillana, rona
to cruch	-	kuchalna
to cut	-	katna

D

to depart	-	juda hona, alag hona, jana
to decend	-	utarna
to dig	-	khodna
to die	-	marna
to dine	-	khana khana
to do	-	karna
to dream	-	sapna dekhna
to drink	-	pina
to dry	-	sukhna, sukhana
to dye	-	rangna

E

to eat	-	khana
to excuse	-	maf karna
to expect	-	asha karna
to explain	-	samjhana
to express	-	vichar prakat karna

F

to fall	-	girna
to fear	-	darna
to fight	-	larna
to fill	-	bharna
to fly (in air)	-	urna
to fly (run away)	-	bhag jana
to forget	-	bhulna
to forgive	-	maf karna

G

to get	-	pana
to get up	-	uthana
to give	-	dena
to go	-	jana

H

to have	-	hona, rakhna
to hate	-	nafarat karna
to hear	-	sunna
to help	-	sahayata dena, madad dena
to hide	-	chhipana

I

to improve	-	thik karna
to irrigate	-	pani dena
to irritate	-	chirhana, naraz karna

J

to jump	-	kudna
to join	-	jorna
to judge	-	vichar karna

K

to keep	-	rakhna
to kick	-	thokar marna
to kill	-	marna
to kiss	-	chumna, chumma lena
to know	-	janna

L

to laugh	-	hansna
to lead	-	karne dena
to learn	-	sikhna
to let	-	makan kiraye dena
to lie (on bed)	-	letna
to lie (speak)	-	jhuth bolna
to lift	-	uthana
to like	-	chahna
to live (reside)	-	rahna
to live (not to die)	-	jina
to look	-	dekhna
to lose	-	khona
to love	-	pyar karna

M

to make	-	banana
to measure	-	napna
to mould	-	dhalna
to move	-	sarkana

N

to nibble

-

kutarna

O

to open	-	kholna
to order	-	hukum dena

P

to pat	-	thapthapana
to pay	-	dena
to play	-	khelna
to play (music)	-	baja bajana
to pour	-	dalna
to promise	-	vada karna
to pronounce	-	bolna
to pull	-	khinchna
to push	-	dhakka dena
to put	-	rakhna

Q

to quarral

-

jhagra karna

R

to read	-	parhna
to receive	-	pana
to recollect	-	yad karna
to recommend	-	sifarish karna
to reject	-	napasnd karna
to reply	-	jawab dena
to ride	-	charhna
to rise	-	uthana

S

to say	-	kahna
to scold	-	dantna
to see	-	dekhna, talash karna
to seek	-	dhundhana
to sell	-	bechna
to send	-	bhejna
to sew	-	sina
to shake	-	hilna
to shout	-	chillana
to show	-	dikhana
to shut	-	band karna
to sing	-	gana
to sit	-	baithna
to sleep	-	sona
to smell	-	sunghana
to solve	-	hal karna
to sow	-	bona
to speak	-	bolna
to spin	-	katna
to spit	-	thukna
to stay	-	thaharna
to steal	-	churana
to stop	-	thaharna, tharana
to swim	-	tairna

T

to take	-	lena
to talk	-	batchit karna
to taste	-	chakhna
to tear	-	pharna
to tease	-	tang karna
to tell	-	kahna, batana
to think	-	sochna

U

to understand

-

samajhna

V

to vomit

-

ulti karna

W

to walk	-	chalna, ghumna
to wander	-	idhar-udhar phirna
to wash	-	dhona
to waste	-	barbad karna
to weep	-	rona
to weave	-	bunna

Hindi Verbs

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Hindi verbs are inflected with respect to

• gender of the subject (masculine, feminine)
• number of the subject (singular, plural)
• tense (present, past, future)
• action (perfect, imperfect, continuous)
• degree of respect (intimate, familiar, respect)

Verbs are referred to in their infinitive noun form which ends in na.
Examples:

bolna		to speak
likhna		to write
lena		to take
ana		to come

The stem of a verb is the infinitive form minus the na ending.
Examples:

bol

likh

le

a

Present Tense

Present tense of hona (to be):

main hun		I am
tu hai		you are (intimate)
yah hai		this, he, she, it is
vah hai		that, he, she, it is
ham hain		we are
tum ho		you are (familiar)
ap hain		you are (respect)
ye hain		these, they are
ve hain		those, they are

Present Imperfect

The present imperfect is used for habitual actions. It is formed by adding ta, te, or ti to the stem of the verb followed by the present tense of hona.
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti.

main bolta hun		I speak
tu bolta hai		you speak (intimate)
yah bolta hai		this, he, it speaks
vah bolta hai		that, he, it speaks
ham bolte hain		we speak
tum bolte ho		you speak (familiar)
ap bolte hain		you speak (respect)
ye bolte hain		these, they speak
ve bolte hain		those, they speak

Present Continuous

The present continuous is used for ongoing actions -- like the "-ing" form in English. It is formed like this:
stem + raha/rahe/rahi + present tense of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi.

main bol raha hun		I am speaking
tu bol raha hai		you are speaking (intimate)
yah bol raha hai		this, he, it is speaking
vah bol raha hai		that, he, it is speaking
ham bol rahe hain		we are speaking
tum bol rahe ho		you are speaking (familiar)
ap bol rahe hain		you are speaking (respect)
ye bol rahe hain		these, they are speaking
ve bol rahe hain		those, they are speaking

Past Tense

Past tense of hona (to be):

main tha / thi		I was
tu tha / thi		you were (intimate)
yah tha / thi		this, he, she, it was
vah tha / thi		that, he, she, it was
ham the / thin		we were
tum the / thin		you were (familiar)
ap the / thin		you were (respect)
ye the / thin		these, they were
ve the / thin		those, they were

(The slash seperates masculine and feminine forms)

Past Imperfect

The past imprefect is used for habitual actions in the past. It is formed like the present imperfect but with the past tense of hona instead of the present tense.
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti, replacing tha with thi, and the with thin.

main bolta tha		I used to speak
tu bolta tha		you used to speak (intimate)
yah bolta tha		this, he, it used to speak
vah bolta tha		that, he, it used to speak
ham bolte the		we used to speak
tum bolte the		you used to speak (familiar)
ap bolte the		you used to speak (respect)
ye bolte the		these, they used to speak
ve bolte the		those, they used to speak

Past Continuous

The past continuous is used for ongoing actions in the past -- like the "-ing" form in English. It is formed like this:
stem + raha/rahe/rahi + past tense of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi, replacing tha with thi, and the with thin.

main bol raha tha		I was speaking
tu bol raha tha		you were speaking (intimate)
yah bol raha tha		this, he, it was speaking
vah bol raha tha		that, he, it was speaking
ham bol rahe the		we were speaking
tum bol rahe the		you were speaking (familiar)
ap bol rahe the		you were speaking (respect)
ye bol rahe the		these, they were speaking
ve bol rahe the		those, they were speaking

Future Tense

Future Imperfect

The future imprefect is used to refer to the future as well as to make assumptions about the presents (just like in English). It is formed by adding unga/i, ega/i, enge/i, or oge/i to the stem.
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i.

main bolunga		I will speak
tu bolega		you will speak (intimate)
yah bolega		this, he, it will speak
vah bolega		that, he, it will speak
ham bolenge		we will speak
tum bologe		you will speak (familiar)
ap bolenge		you will speak (respect)
ye bolenge		these, they will speak
ve bolenge		those, they will speak

Future Continuous

The future continuous is used to refer to ongoing actions in the future. It is formed as the present imperfect but with the future of raha instead of hona.
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i in both verbs.

main bolta rahunga		I will be speaking
tu bolta rahega		you will be speaking (intimate)
yah bolta rahega		this, he, it will be speaking
vah bolta rahega		that, he, it will be speaking
ham bolte rahenge		we will be speaking
tum bolte rahoge		you will be speaking (familiar)
ap bolte rahenge		you will be speaking (respect)
ye bolte rahenge		these, they will be speaking
ve bolte rahenge		those, they will be speaking

Imperative

There are three different imperatives in Hindi: tu, tum, and ap imperative.
The tu imperative is the stem itself
The tum imperative is the stem + o
The ap imperative is the stem + ie or iye
Examples:

pani la		bring water (intimate)
pani lao		bring water (familiar)
pani laie		bring water (respect)

The imperatives are made negative by adding mat, na, or nahin.
Use mat with the tu imperative.
Use mat or na with the tum imperative.
Use na or nahin with the ap imperative.
Examples:

vahan mat ja		don't go there (intimate)
vahan na jao		don't go there (familiar)
vahan nahin jaie		don't go there (respect)

To Have

There is no Hindi verb for "to have". Possession is expressed in other ways.

Movable Objects

Possession of movable objects is expressed using ke pas after the (English) subject.
Examples:

Ram ke pas gari hai		Ram has a car ("near Ram a car it is")
mera pas kitab hai		I have a book ("near me a book it is")

Immovable Objects

Possession of immovable objects and of relatives is expressed using the possessive particles ka, ki, ke.
Examples:

uska makan hai		he has a house ("of him a house it is")
Ram ke do bete hain		Ram has two sons ("of Ram two sons there are")

Adjective list

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easy	-	asan
difficult	-	mushkil
sweet	-	mitha
bitte	-	karwa
sour	-	khatta
good	-	achchha
bad	-	kharab
blunt	-	bhaunta
sharp	-	paina
dark	-	light
open	-	khula
closed	-	band
full	-	bhara
empty	-	khali
tired	-	thaka
fresh	-	taza
stale	-	basi
fat	-	mota
lean	-	dubla
dirty	-	ganda
clean	-	saf
thick	-	mota
thin	-	patla
true	-	sachcha
false	-	jhutha
distant	-	dur
near	-	pas
hot	-	garam
cold	-	thanda
honest	-	imandar
dishonest	-	beiman
hollow	-	pola
solid	-	thos
liquid	-	taral
glad	-	khusk
sad	-	ranjida
wealthy	-	maldar
rich	-	dhani
poor	-	garib
healthy	-	tandurust
sick	-	bimar
long	-	lamba
short	-	chhota
new	-	naya
old	-	purana
young	-	jawan
old	-	buddha
light (color)	-	halka
dark (color)	-	gahra
light	-	halka
heavy	-	bhari
polite	-	namra
rude	-	badtamiz
mannerless	-	badtamiz
narrow	-	sankra, tang
wide	-	chaura
broad	-	chaura
active	-	phurtila
lazy	-	sust
smart	-	hoshiyar
dull	-	mattha, manda
angry	-	naraz
kind	-	meharban
pleased	-	khush
displeased	-	naraz
proud	-	ghamandi
humble	-	namra
cheap	-	sasta
dear	-	mahnga
dry	-	sukha
wet	-	gila
clever	-	hoshiyar
stupid	-	bewakuf
deep	-	gahra
shallow	-	uthla
urban	-	shahri
rural	-	dehati
brave	-	vir
coward	-	kayar
handsome	-	sundar
pretty	-	sundar
beautiful	-	sundar
ugly	-	kurup
raw	-	kachcha
cooked	-	paka
smelling good	-	khushbudar
smelling bad	-	badbudar
noisy	-	shorgul ka
quiet	-	shant
all	-	sab
little	-	kuchh
interesting	-	dilchaspa
dull	-	ubane wala
durable	-	mazbut
not durable	-	kamzor
strong	-	takatwar
weak	-	kamzor
elder	-	(usase) bara
younger	-	(usase) chhota
big	-	bara
small	-	chhota
high (person)	-	bare
low (person)	-	chhote
high (things)	-	uncha
low (things)	-	nicha
some	-	thora
much	-	zyada
few	-	kuchh
many	-	bahut
right	-	sahi
wrong	-	galat
excellent	-	barhiya
worthless	-	raddi
wise	-	buddhiman
foolish	-	bewakuf
sweet	-	mitha
harsh	-	kara
national	-	deshi ya rashtriya
foreign	-	videshi
this much	-	itna, itni
as many	-	jitne, jitna
several	-	kai
that much	-	utna, utni
such	-	aisa, aisi
whatever	-	jo kuchh
hard	-	sakhta
soft	-	mulayam
other	-	dusra
same	-	vahi

Adverbs, prepositions, conjuctions...

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about (place)	-	as-pas
about (pertaining to)	-	bare men
above	-	upar
across	-	uspar
after	-	bad men
again	-	phir
again & again	-	bar-bar
against (opposite)	-	khilaf
against (touching)	-	bhira kar
alas	-	afsos
aloof	-	dur
almost	-	karib-karib
also	-	ohi
although	-	halanki
altogether	-	ekdam
always	-	hamesha
among	-	unke bich men
and	-	aur
around	-	as
as if	-	mano
as far as	-	jahantak
as soon as	-	jyonhi
at	-	taraf
backward	-	pichhe
backwards & forwards	-	age-pichhe
because	-	kyonki
because (him)	-	vajah se (uski)
before	-	pahle
behind	-	pichhe
below	-	niche
beneath	-	niche
between	-	bich men
beyond	-	us par
bravo	-	shabash
but	-	lekin
by	-	se
certainly	-	zarur
certainly not	-	hargiz nahin
down	-	niche
downward	-	niche ki taraf
during	-	us bich men
early	-	jaldi
either	-	ya to
enough	-	kafi
especially	-	khas kar
even	-	bhi
even then	-	tab to
ever	-	hamesha
every moment	-	hardam
far	-	dur
for	-	(uske) liye
for ever	-	hamesha ke liye
forward	-	age
from	-	se
generally	-	am taur par
gradually	-	dhire-dhire
hence (place)	-	yahan se
hence (time)	-	ab se
here	-	yahan
here and there	-	yahan vahan
hither	-	yahan
how	-	kaise
how much	-	kitna
if	-	agar
if not	-	agar nahin to
if possible	-	ho sake to
if so	-	agar aisa hai to
immediate	-	zaruri, turamt andar
in	-	andar
in brief	-	thore men
indeed	-	vastav men
in front of	-	samne
inparticular	-	khas taur se
in general	-	am taur se
in short	-	thore men
inside	-	andar
just now	-	abhi-abhi
late	-	der se
little by little	-	thora-thora karke
near	-	pas
never	-	kabhi nahin
neither	-	na vah
no	-	nahin
nor	-	na vah
not	-	nahin
nothing	-	kuchh nahin
not yet	-	abhi tak nanin
now	-	ab
now or never	-	abhi ya phir kabhi nahin
of	-	ka
of course	-	albatta
off	-	dur
oft / often	-	aksar
on	-	upar
once	-	ek bar
only	-	kewal
or	-	ya
out	-	bahar
out and out	-	bilkul
over (higher)	-	upar
over (finished)	-	khatam
perhaps	-	shayad
please	-	krpaya
quite	-	bilkul
quietly	-	chupchap
really	-	sachmuch
scarcely	-	mushkil se
seldom	-	kabhi-kabhi
since (time)	-	tab se
since (conditional)	-	chunki
so	-	isliya
some	-	kuchh
somehow	-	jyon tyon karke
so much	-	itna
so and so	-	falana
so late	-	itni der se
so soon	-	itni jaldi
soon	-	jaldi
still	-	phir bhi
sorry	-	afsos
suddenly	-	achanak
surely	-	zarur
that (conjunction)	-	ki
than	-	se
then	-	to, tab
there	-	vahan
therefore	-	isliye
thither	-	yahan se
though	-	yadyapi
through	-	us mense
thrice	-	tin bar
thus	-	aise
till	-	tab tak
today	-	aj
together	-	ek sath
tomorrow	-	kal
tonight	-	rat ko
towards	-	taraf
truly	-	sach taur par
truly	-	sahi
twice	-	do bar
under	-	niche
until	-	tab tak
up	-	upar
unless	-	jab tak
very	-	bahut
well	-	achchha
when	-	kab
whenever	-	jab kabhi
whenever it de	-	jab kabhi ho sake
where	-	cahan
wherever	-	kahin bhi
whereas	-	chunki
while	-	jab tak
why	-	kyon
yes	-	han
yesterday	-	kal

Different words

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Questions

who	-	kaun
what	-	kya
why	-	kyon
when	-	kab
where	-	kahan
how	-	kaise
which	-	kaunsa
how many	-	kitne
how much	-	kitna

Cardinal numbers

0	-	sunya, sifar
1	-	ek
2	-	do
3	-	tin
4	-	char
5	-	panch
6	-	chhah
7	-	sat
8	-	ath
9	-	nau
10	-	das
20	-	bis
30	-	tis
40	-	chalis
50	-	pachas
60	-	sath
70	-	sattar
80	-	assi
90	-	nabbe
100	-	ek sau
101	-	ek sau ek
200	-	do sau
1.000	-	ek hazar
lac	-	ek lakh (100.000)
crore	-	ek karor (10.000.000)

Other words having to do with numbers

1st	-	pahla
2nd	-	dusra
3rd	-	tisra
4th	-	cautha
5th	-	pancvan
6th	-	chatha
7th	-	satvan
8th	-	athvan
9th	-	nauvan
10th	-	dasvan
1/2	-	adha
1/3	-	tihai
1/4	-	cauthai
3/4	-	pauna

Colors

black	-	kala
blue	-	nila
bright	-	chamkila
brown	-	bhura
color	-	rang
golden	-	sunahra
gray	-	bhura
green	-	hara
indigo	-	baingni
orange	-	naranji
red	-	lal
rosy	-	gulabi
white	-	safed
yellow	-	pila